H2scan BSS Catalog 2025 - Flipbook - Page 31
Codes & Standards
Standards establish basic requirements and guidelines that are universally accepted within an industry for
general guidance. In battery room settings, typical standards stem from organizations like the Institute of
Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).
Model codes are formulated by committees with the aim of being adopted by states and local authorities.
Experts in the field develop voluntary consensus standards, which streamline processes for jurisdictions
and save resources by establishing a uniform standard across the industry. Once these model codes are
adopted, they are legally enforced and become regulations.
IEEE Standards
The IEEE 1635/ASHRAE 21 standard details the hydrogen evolution based on battery type and the potential
heat and off-gassing varieties. For instance, VLA battery rooms could experience a 2% increase in hydrogen
concentration after just half a day of equalize operation and three days of normal float operation. Detailed
calculations are available in the IEEE Std P1635™ IEEE/ASHRAE Guide for the Ventilation and Thermal
Management of Batteries for Stationary Applications, which can be purchased on techstreet.com.
EC Standards
The IEC 62933-5-2 is a standard developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) that
focuses on safety requirements for grid-connected energy storage systems (ESS). This standard is crucial
for ensuring the safe operation of energy storage systems, which are becoming increasingly important in
modern power grids. By adhering to IEC 62933-5-2, manufacturers, installers and operators can mitigate risks
and protect people, property and the environment. Section 7.11.3.3 explains for the necessary monitoring for
explosive gas and the annunciation to site operators. Other references to hydrogen evolution and protections
are also included in Annex B of the document.
Fire Codes & OSHA Regulation
To comply with the International Fire Code for ESS Lead Acid Batteries, the minimum requirement is 70
kWh. Systems surpassing this threshold need to adhere to the fire code regulations.
Gas Detection Systems
Hydrogen Detection is detailed in Section 1207.6.1 of the International Fire Code. Hazardous mitigation plans
assess the necessity for hydrogen detection. Alternatively, continuous ventilation (1 ft3/min/ft2 or 0.0051 m3/
(s m2) of floor area of the room) can be replaced by continuous H2 monitoring.
n NFPA 855 Chapter 9.6.5.1.5.4 describes the use of gas detection to activate ventilation systems.
n IFC 1207.6.1.1 mandates that all systems should be designed to restrict the maximum concentration of
flammable gas to 25% of the lower flammable limit (LFL).
n IFC 1207.6.1.2.4 specifies that rooms, areas, and walk-in units containing ESS should be safeguarded by
an approved continuous gas detection system complying with Section 916.
n Section 916 outlines the requirements for configuring a gas detection system, covering power
connections, standby power, sensor placement, gas sampling, system activation, signage, fire alarm
connections, and maintenance/calibration criteria.
n As per Section 1207.6.1.2.4, gas detection systems must incorporate the following elements:
• Trigger a mechanical exhaust ventilation system.
• Ensure ventilation systems operate until gas levels fall below 25% LEL.
• Gas detection systems should have 2 hours of standby power according to section 1203.2.5.
• Any malfunction of the gas detection system should trigger a trouble signal (NFPA 72) or an audible
and visible trouble signal at an approved location that is constantly attended on-site.
Please note that State or Local Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) might require additional
measures beyond the model codes.
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